From this point radiate three rangesthe anaimalai to the north, the palni to the northeast, and the cardamom hills to the south. Extensive field and literature survey of trees in eastern ghats yielded 560 tree taxa under 262 genera belonging to 80 families out of the estimated 2500 species of flowering plants in eastern ghats. Pdf floristic diversity in western ghats researchgate. In neginhals own words forest trees are fast disappearing. A total of 28 plants in the brahma database are found in western ghats. Wildscreen s arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth. In just four months, nine new plants have been discovered in the western ghats, according to papers published in journals.
Forest trees of the western ghats authored by neginhal s. This category contains unidentified, unclassified, unknown or mislabelled locations in western ghats. Yet, the western ghats had fewer species than other tropical and neotropical forests. Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats with. Among the 25 hot spots of the world, two are found in india extending into neighboring countries the western ghats sri lanka and the indoburma region covering the eastern himalayas. The plant is highly adapted to many environments and can grow from sea level to 0m. This book is equally useful wherever tropical evergreen, deciduous and scrub forests exist in peninsular india. Some plants have been discovered very recently in the last decade. Various segments of this mountain range including the nilgiri, anaimalai, and palni hillshave peaks exceeding 8,000 feet 2,400 metres in elevation.
The western side of the western ghats is on the threshold of southwest monsoon and receives a rainfall of 203254 cm, and the eastern side lies in the rainshadow area of the peninsula. Tree flora in eastern ghats of southern peninsular india. We would value your expertise to identify these media and find their rightful places in the appropriate category structure. Serial nomination of the western ghats of india unesco world. Biodiversity of the western ghats with special reference. Like other biodiversity hotspots, the western ghats has a high proportion of endemic species.
Herbarium to preserve flora of western ghats for posterity sandhya c dsouza, mangalore, april 20, dhns. The region harbours more than 3,700 vascular plants which include 380. Vegetation and phytogeography of the western ghats. The images should probably be placed in subcategories of category. Keywords endemism, evergreen forest trees, india, sexual systems, western.
Pdf on apr 1, 2012, sahyadri envis environmental information system and. However the anthropic activities carried out in these forests have put many plant species on the verge of. Their positioning makes the western ghats biologically rich and biogeographically unique. The high peaks of the western ghats run along the states western border. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. The western ghats is the hotspot of natural evolution. Tourism in forest areas of western ghatsjanuary 2011.
At pilikula western ghats, identified as one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world, is famous for its flora treasure. Flowering plants of the western ghats efloraofindia. Brief descriptions with illustrations are provided. Plants are hardy and survive at temperatures upto 4c. Western ghats is a major genetic estate of wild relatives of crop plants with an enormous biodiversity of ancient lineage. All flowering plants growing in 6 south indian states gujarat, maharashtra, karnataka, kerala, tamilnadu and andhra pradesh along with goa and pandichery are eligible to assign this mission. This project covers prominent tree species and shrubs from 10 districts, located in western ghat regions of maharashtra, viz. The western ghats comprises the major portion of the western ghats and sri lanka hotspot, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots for conservation and one of the two on the indian subcontinent. Western ghats or sahyadrisform a chain of mountains parallel to west coast a lmost. A field guide, written by environment enthusiast pippa mukherjee, is one of the first books of its kind, helping the readers to identify the wildflowers of the western ghats, from southern western ghats covering karnataka, kerala and tamil nadu to palni hills in tamil nadu. Larval host plants of the buterfies of the western ghats, india. Time is short, so please act immediately your appeal to the central government can help safeguard the western ghats.
The present work is the first attempt to rompile the epiphytic flora of western ghats. Wikimedia commons has media related to flora of the western ghats. The proportion of endemics in the ensembles of the western ghats ranged from 34% ensemble iv to 14% ensemble i. The coastal plains lie between the eastern ghats and the bay of bengal. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia fact files for more than 16,000 endangered species. The book titled flora of the southern western ghats and palnis. India has some of the worlds most biodiverse regions. With observations like these stemming from residing in these hills for more than 30 years pippa mukherjee s flora of the southern western ghats and palnis supplies a wealth of. Western ghats are concerned, no detailed inventory.
Western ghats hotspot accommodates the higher human population density than any other hotspot in the world and with only 9% of the forests under protected area network the endemic flora of western ghats is under the threat of extinction. Chec list endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats. All flowering plants including native indian, exotic, commercially planted. The ghats are also home to special kind of fresh water swamps known as myristica swamps. The western ghats are a chain of highlands running along the western edge of the indian subcontinent, from bombay south. The western ghats are home to more than 5000 species of plants and about 35% of these are endemic to this area. Located in the western ghats range, it rises to 8,842 feet 2,695 metres and is peninsular indias highest peak. This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in. Anamalais, entodontopsis setschwanica, mitthyridium cardotii, western ghats introduction since knowledge on cryptogams is still far from adequate, studies on the. The western ghats, also known as sahyadri benevolent mountains, are a mountain range that covers an area of 140,000 square kilometres 54,000 sq mi in a stretch of 1,600 kilometres 990 mi parallel to the western coast of the indian peninsula, traversing the states of kerala, tamil nadu, karnataka, goa, maharashtra and gujarat. About the western ghats the hill ranges of the western ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, extend along the west coast of india from the river tapti in the north to the southern tip of india. The infojmation presented here is based on intensive botanical explomtions in the nilgiri biosphere reserve areas of the kerala part of western ghats. Anai peak, at 8,842 feet 2,695 metres in the anaimalai hills, is the highest mountain in. Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats.
Almost the entire western border of the state is occupied by the western ghats. Includes entire northeastern india, except assam and andaman group of islands and myanmar, thailand, vietnam, laos, cambodia and southern china. Media in category flora of the western ghats the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Male flower spikes are slender, 1525 cm long, quite hairless, receptacles obliquely kidneyshaped, recurved, longer than the stipes, mouth very small. Data on plant species and their distribution in the western ghats are increasingly available, which permits us to crosscheck the listings in the rdb for a particular. Flora of the western ghats a major mountain range in western south india. I support the governments decision to declare 56,825 square kilometres of the western ghats as eco sensitive area see contents of the letter below the form. You have reached your limit for free articles this month. Even, information about the subspecies found in western ghats or south india is added.
For every species colour illustrations showing the upperside, underside, male and female, wherever dimorphic, are given. Another unique feature of the endemic flora of western ghats is the. Contains forest maps of south india, western and eastern ghats. This book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. Along with common names and complete scientific names, wing span, larval host plants, and distribution of each species is given. The western ghats is one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots and harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna with many endemic and ret species. G o o g l e automatically generates html versions of documents as we. It is high time we acquaint ourselves with these vanishing.
In fact, tamil nadu is the only state with both hill ranges, western ghats and eastern ghats, both meet at the nilgiri hills. Wild relatives of many economically valuable plants, like pepper, cardamom ginger, mango, jackfruit, millets, rice, etc. Grows on soils derived from both sedimentary and igneous rocks, although it may prefer limestone areas. The western ghats contains numerous medicinal plants and important genetic resources such. Apart from the discoveries of the worlds smallest land fern and two. I searched for this reference especially because i could see severe impact humans have made on this fragile konkan ecosystem. Future of endemic flora of biodiversity hotspots in india plos. The globally threatened flora and fauna in the western ghats are represented. Future of endemic flora of biodiversity hotspots in india. Gadgil committee report on western ghats pdf madhav gadgil, submitted to the ministry of environment and forests, report of the western ghats ecology expert panel, part i. At least 325 globally threatened species occur here. Water lily, lotus, sacred lotus, east indian lotus. In indoburma, the future distribution is predicted to shift in the eastern and southeastern direction fig.
An extremely useful field guide for general readers and nature lovers this book provides a list of more than 200 species of trees, herbs, and shrubs that can be found in the region, accompanied by over 400 color images this field guide is the result of the authors intense study of the flora of the southern western ghats as well as those of palni hills for several years. Eastern ghats are highly significant in terms of its biodiversity. The recently published atlas of endemics of the western ghats india by. The epiphytic flora of tropical forests of western ghats is inadequately known. Flora of western ghats, india welcome to worlds first website on flora of western ghats. Western ghats, indoburma, based on a1b scenario for year 2050 and 2080. The flora and fauna of india have been studied and recorded from early times in folk.
Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats with special reference to konkan. Biosystematic studies in the genus anaphyllum schott araceae of western ghats dominic v j1 research paper anaphyllum schott. The western ghats receive an average of 3000 to 4000 mm rainfall with occasional rainfall of 9000 mm. The regi on is a st ore house of wil d relatives of cereals and millets. The western ghats, host numerous areas with unique biodiversity and play a key role in the peninsulas hydrology but for stunning landscapes one of my favorite places is the confluence of ranges and their cliffs and valleys that surround the small hamlet of kurangani. We need to know what all we have lost and how uch we have lost in this tsunami of human encroachment. The main types of soils met with in the western ghats are red soils, laterites, black soils and humid soils. Northeast ind ia, respectively for india, are added here to the moss flora of peninsular india from the western ghats. Endemism and sexual systems in the evergreen tree flora of. Includes the entire indian himalayan region and that falling in pakistan, tibet, nepal, bhutan, china and myanmar 2. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of maharashtra is a university grant commission, new delhi, funded project ugc reference no.
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